
Flower profile
Fragrant evening primrose
Oenothera cespitosa
Fragrant evening primrose is a wildflower that USDA PLANTS lists as native in the lower 48 states. It's on our flower lists for 4 states, and across the U.S. it's most often seen in bloom in April–July.
*iNaturalist research-grade observations, as of October 17, 2026.
On our lists for: Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah
Quick look
Oenothera cespitosa, known commonly as tufted evening-primrose or fragrant evening-primrose, is a perennial plant of the genus Oenothera native to western North America from the western edge of the Great Plains and all parts of the Intermountain West in a wide range of dry habitats. Its flowers are open at night and fade by the next day. The species is cultivated in gardens, particularly in its native range.
- It belongs to the Onagraceae family. iNaturalist
- USDA PLANTS describes it as an herb (forb) / a subshrub with a perennial life cycle. USDA PLANTS
- USDA PLANTS lists it as native in the lower 48 states and records it in 15 states. USDA PLANTS
- NatureServe lists it as native to Colorado, Utah, South Dakota and North Dakota. NatureServe
- In Colorado, most iNaturalist sightings of it in flower come in April–July. iNaturalist
- In Utah, most iNaturalist sightings of it in flower come in April–July. iNaturalist
- USDA PLANTS lists its flower color as white. USDA PLANTS
- USDA PLANTS gives its bloom period as late spring. USDA PLANTS
- USDA PLANTS lists a mature height of about 0.5 ft. USDA PLANTS
- iNaturalist has 1,807 research-grade sightings of it in Colorado, ranking #90 among the 110 flowers on our Colorado list. iNaturalist
- iNaturalist has 1,446 research-grade sightings of it in Utah, ranking #27 among the 109 flowers on our Utah list. iNaturalist
- iNaturalist has 165 research-grade sightings of it in South Dakota, ranking #92 among the 108 flowers on our South Dakota list. iNaturalist
Fragrant evening primrose gift ideas
Handmade fragrant evening primrose gifts from independent makers.
🌱 Sample spot. Handmade gift picks from independent shops will appear here once our shop partnership is approved. These cards are placeholders, not real products.
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Fragrant evening primrose art print
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Fragrant evening primrose greeting card
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Fragrant evening primrose mug
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Fragrant evening primrose earrings
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Fragrant evening primrose embroidery pattern
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Fragrant evening primrose sticker
When does it bloom?
Bloom time in each of our 4 states
| State | Type | Peak bloom | Sightings* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colorado | Native | April–July | 1,807 |
| Utah | Native | April–July | 1,446 |
| South Dakota | Native | few records | 165 |
| North Dakota | Native | few records | 68 |
Conservation status
- Federal (U.S. ESA)
- Not listed No U.S. Endangered Species Act listing in the USFWS ECOS database. USFWS ECOS
- NatureServe global
- G5 Secure worldwide. NatureServe
- Colorado
- No list Colorado has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Colorado ranks instead. NatureServe: S5, secure in Colorado.
- Utah
- No list Utah has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Utah ranks instead. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Utah.
- South Dakota
- No list South Dakota's endangered and threatened list (ARSD 41:10:02) covers animals only, so we show NatureServe's South Dakota ranks for plants. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in South Dakota.
- North Dakota
- No list North Dakota has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's North Dakota ranks instead. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in North Dakota.
- Rare elsewhere
- Other states where NatureServe ranks it rare or missing: WA (S2). (S1 critically imperiled, S2 imperiled, SH possibly extirpated, SX presumed extirpated.)
Checked October 17, 2026. Rankings and lists can change, so follow the links for the latest.
Can you eat it?
None of the sources we checked (NC State Extension (no page for this plant), USDA PLANTS) say whether it's edible or poisonous for people.
It isn't on the ASPCA plant list.
🌿 Never eat a wild plant unless you're certain of its ID; this isn't medical advice. Worried about a person? Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222. Worried about a pet? Call your vet.
Where does it grow?
USDA PLANTS records fragrant evening primrose in 15 states.
recorded by USDA PLANTS on our state lists not recorded
See the full list of states
Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
Colorado counties with USDA records: Archuleta, Boulder, Clear Creek, Conejos, Custer, Delta, Dolores, Douglas, Eagle, El Paso, Elbert, Fremont, Garfield, Grand, Gunnison, Huerfano, Jackson, Jefferson, La Plata, Lake, Larimer, Las Animas, Lincoln, Logan, Mesa, Mineral, Moffat, Montezuma, Montrose, Otero, Park, Rio Blanco, Rio Grande, Routt, Saguache, San Miguel, Summit, Teller, Weld.
Utah counties with USDA records: Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Carbon, Daggett, Davis, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, Morgan, Piute, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Wayne, Weber.
South Dakota counties with USDA records: Brule, Custer, Dewey, Fall River, Haakon, Harding, Jackson, Lyman, Meade, Mellette, Pennington.
More Colorado flowers
Sources
- USDA, NRCS. PLANTS Database, profile OECA10.
- iNaturalist, Oenothera cespitosa: taxonomy, research-grade observation counts and “Flowering” annotations, retrieved October 17, 2026.
- Wikipedia, Oenothera cespitosa (lead quoted under CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Colorado: Colorado noxious weed lists A, B and C (8 CCR 1206-2, eff. May 15, 2025).
- Utah: Utah noxious weed list (Utah Admin. Code R68-9-3).
- South Dakota: South Dakota statewide noxious weeds (ARSD 12:62:03:01.06).
- North Dakota: North Dakota state noxious weeds (N.D. Admin. Code 7-06-01-02), as listed by the ND Department of Agriculture.
- USFWS, ECOS species database (ESA listing check), October 17, 2026.
- NatureServe Explorer, Oenothera cespitosa (global and state ranks).
- Edibility and toxicity: no source found (marked "not well documented").
- Photo: John Brew via iNaturalist · CC BY 4.0 · resized.


