
Flower profile
Canada violet
Viola canadensis
Canada violet is a wildflower that USDA PLANTS lists as native in the lower 48 states. It's on our flower lists for 3 states, and across the U.S. it's most often seen in bloom in April–June.
*iNaturalist research-grade observations, as of October 17, 2026.
On our lists for: New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota
Quick look
Viola canadensis is a flowering plant in the Violaceae family. It is commonly known as Canadian white violet, Canada violet, tall white violet, or white violet. It is widespread across much of Canada and the United States, from Alaska to Newfoundland, south as far as Georgia and Arizona. It is a perennial herb and the Latin-specific epithet canadensis means of Canada.
- It belongs to the Violaceae family. iNaturalist
- USDA PLANTS describes it as an herb (forb) with a perennial life cycle. USDA PLANTS
- USDA PLANTS lists it as native in the lower 48 states and records it in 39 states. USDA PLANTS
- NatureServe lists it as native to New Mexico, South Dakota and North Dakota. NatureServe
- In New Mexico, most iNaturalist sightings of it in flower come in April–August. iNaturalist
- In South Dakota, most iNaturalist sightings of it in flower come in April–July. iNaturalist
- iNaturalist has 797 research-grade sightings of it in New Mexico, ranking #71 among the 109 flowers on our New Mexico list. iNaturalist
- iNaturalist has 232 research-grade sightings of it in South Dakota, ranking #62 among the 108 flowers on our South Dakota list. iNaturalist
- iNaturalist has 96 research-grade sightings of it in North Dakota, ranking #70 among the 109 flowers on our North Dakota list. iNaturalist
Canada violet gift ideas
Handmade canada violet gifts from independent makers.
🌱 Sample spot. Handmade gift picks from independent shops will appear here once our shop partnership is approved. These cards are placeholders, not real products.
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Canada violet art print
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Canada violet greeting card
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Canada violet mug
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Canada violet earrings
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Canada violet embroidery pattern
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Canada violet sticker
When does it bloom?
Bloom time in each of our 3 states
| State | Type | Peak bloom | Sightings* |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Mexico | Native | April–August | 797 |
| South Dakota | Native | April–July | 232 |
| North Dakota | Native | May–August | 96 |
Conservation status
- Federal (U.S. ESA)
- Not listed No U.S. Endangered Species Act listing in the USFWS ECOS database. USFWS ECOS
- NatureServe global
- G5 Secure worldwide. NatureServe
- New Mexico
- Not listed Not on New Mexico state endangered plant species (19.21.2.9 NMAC). NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in New Mexico. 19.21.2.9 NMAC
- South Dakota
- No list South Dakota's endangered and threatened list (ARSD 41:10:02) covers animals only, so we show NatureServe's South Dakota ranks for plants. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in South Dakota.
- North Dakota
- No list North Dakota has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's North Dakota ranks instead. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in North Dakota.
- Rare elsewhere
- Other states where NatureServe ranks it rare or missing: AL (S2), AR (S2), IL (S2), ME (SH). (S1 critically imperiled, S2 imperiled, SH possibly extirpated, SX presumed extirpated.)
Checked October 17, 2026. Rankings and lists can change, so follow the links for the latest.
Can you eat it?
NC State Extension notes: “The flowers are edible.” NC State Extension
It isn't on the ASPCA plant list, and NC State Extension doesn't flag it for pets.
🌿 Never eat a wild plant unless you're certain of its ID; this isn't medical advice. Worried about a person? Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222. Worried about a pet? Call your vet.
Where does it grow?
USDA PLANTS records Canada violet in 39 states.
recorded by USDA PLANTS on our state lists not recorded
See the full list of states
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
New Mexico counties with USDA records: Bernalillo, Catron, Colfax, Grant, Lincoln, Los Alamos, Mora, Otero, Rio Arriba, San Juan, San Miguel, Sandoval, Santa Fe, Socorro, Taos.
South Dakota counties with USDA records: Clay, Codington, Corson, Custer, Day, Harding, Lawrence, Lincoln, Marshall, Minnehaha, Pennington, Roberts, Union, Yankton, Ziebach.
North Dakota counties with USDA records: Benson, Bottineau, Burke, Cass, Dunn, Emmons, Golden Valley, Grand Forks, Grant, Kidder, LaMoure, Logan, Mercer, Mountrail, Oliver, Pembina, Ransom, Renville, Richland, Rolette, Sargent, Sioux, Stark, Stutsman, Ward.
More New Mexico flowers
Sources
- USDA, NRCS. PLANTS Database, profile VICA4.
- iNaturalist, Viola canadensis: taxonomy, research-grade observation counts and “Flowering” annotations, retrieved October 17, 2026.
- Wikipedia, Viola canadensis (lead quoted under CC BY-SA 4.0).
- New Mexico: New Mexico state endangered plant species (19.21.2.9 NMAC).
- New Mexico: New Mexico Noxious Weed List (NM Department of Agriculture, updated June 2020).
- South Dakota: South Dakota statewide noxious weeds (ARSD 12:62:03:01.06).
- North Dakota: North Dakota state noxious weeds (N.D. Admin. Code 7-06-01-02), as listed by the ND Department of Agriculture.
- USFWS, ECOS species database (ESA listing check), October 17, 2026.
- NatureServe Explorer, Viola canadensis (global and state ranks).
- Edibility and toxicity: NC State Extension.
- Photo: Jeff Hansen via iNaturalist · CC BY 4.0 · resized.


